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International Journal of Pharmaceutics
elsevier
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Abstract: |
The clinical implication of clarithromycin (CLT) is compromised owing to its poor solubility and, subsequently,
bioavailability, unpalatable taste, rapid metabolism, short half-life, frequent dosing, and adverse effects. The
present investigation provides an innovative sustained-release oral drug delivery strategy that tackles these
challenges. Accordingly, CLT was loaded into a cubosome, a vesicular system with a bicontinuous cubic structure
that promotes solubility and bioavailability, provides a sustained release system combating short half-life and
adverse effects, masks unpleasant taste, and protects the drug from destruction in gastrointestinal tract (GIT).
Nine various formulas were fabricated using the emulsification method. The resulting vesicles increased the
encapsulation efficiency (EE %) from 57.64 ± 0.04 % to 96.80 ± 1.50 %, the particle size (PS) from 147.30 ±
21.77 nm to 216.61 ± 5.37 nm, and the polydispersity index (PDI) values ranged from 0.117 ± 0.024 to 0.278 ±
0.073. The zeta potential (ZP) changed from 20.65 ± 2.01 mV to 33.98 ± 2.60 mV. Further, the release
profile exhibited a dual release pattern within 24 h., with the percentage of cumulative release (CR %) expanding
from 30.06 ± 0.42 % to 98.49 ± 2.88 %, optimized formula was found to be CC9 with EE % = 96.80 ± 1.50 %,
PS = 216.61 ± 5.37 nm, ZP = 33.98 ± 2.60 mV, PDI = 0.117 ± 0.024, CR % = 98.49 ± 2.88 % and IC50 of
0.74 ± 0.19 μg/mL against HepG-2 cells with scattered unilamellar cubic non-agglomerated vesicles. Additionally,
it exhibited higher anti-MRSA biofilm, relative bioavailability (2.8 fold), and anti-inflammatory and
antimicrobial capacity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus
compared to free CLT. Our data demonstrate that cubosome is a powerful nanocarrier for oral delivery of CLT,
boosting its biological impacts and pharmacokinetic profile.
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