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Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins Ltd.
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Abstract: |
Background: Myocardial infarction is among the leading causes of mortality. Menaquinone-4 (MK-4), a vitamin K2 analog, might play a role in rescuing cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. The aim of the work: This work aimed to discover the potential cardioprotective role of MK-4 against myocardial I/R injury in rats. Methods: Thirty-two rats were categorized into 3 groups: (I/R) control group: subjected to I/R protocol (received vehicle), MK-4 preconditioning group: MK-4 infusion for 20 minutes before the I/R protocol, and MK-4 postconditioning group: MK-4 infusion for 20 minutes at the start of the reperfusion phase. The hearts were placed in the Langendorff apparatus, and the left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), heart rate (HR), + (LV dP/dt) max, 2 (LV dP/dt) max, and Tau were calculated. The necrotic mass was determined by staining it with nitro blue tetrazolium. Results: Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C- reactive protein (CRP), as well as cardiac superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NOx), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) levels were all evaluated. MK-4 postconditioning significantly reduced myocardial infarct size; increased LVDP, + (LV dp/dt) max, 2 (LV dp/dt) max, and HR; reduced Tau, CK-MB, LDH, CRP, IL-6, TNF- alpha, MDA, and NOx levels; and increased SOD activity, whereas no significant difference in the GSH level was detected. Conclusions: In conclusion, these data imply that MK-4 may protect the heart from the consequences of I/R.
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