Due to the importance of intercropping as one of the methods of agricultural intensification, this research was conducted on caraway and pea crops at Experimental Farm, Fac. Agric., Zagazig Univ., Egypt during 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 seasons. The aim of this work was studying the influence of intercropping system (sole planting of each crop as control, 1: 1, 2: 2, 2: 3 and 3: 2 as ridge ratio of caraway: pea, respectively), phosphorus fertilization levels (0.00, 15.50, 31.00 and 46.50 kg P2O5/ feddan) and their combination treatments on growth, productivity and competitive indices between caraway and pea plants. Results showed that, in most cases, alternating two ridges of caraway with two ridges of pea recorded the highest values in plant height, branches number per plant and total dry weight of both crops, fruit and volatile oil yield per caraway plant and pods yield per pea plant as well as total chlorophyll content and phosphorus percentage of both crops compared to the other intercropping systems. Additionally, the most of the measured parameters for the two crops showed a substantial rise at the maximum level of phosphorus fertilization. When compared to the other combinations, the 2: 2 intercropping system + 46.50 kg P2O5/feddan treatment was the most effective. Generally, land equivalent ratio referred to that using the intercropping system of 2: 2 and phosphorus fertilization at 46.5 kg P2O5/ feddan, one feddan may yield the same yield as 1.386 or 1.453 feddan of each crop grown separately.