The issue of water resources is one of the most important strategic issues facing Egyptian agriculture at the present time due to its limitations and low efficiency of its use, and the consequent decrease in the average per capita share of water below the limits of water poverty, which reflects the importance of the state adopting policies that drive rationalization of the use of Irrigation water through the expansion of the use of modern irrigation systems. The research aimed, in general, to measure the economic effects of the application of modern irrigation systems (fixed sprinkler irrigation, center pivot and drip irrigation) on the wheat crop compared to the flood irrigation system in Sharkia Governorate. This is based on preliminary data collected through a questionnaire form for a stratified random sample of wheat crop holders in the New Salhiya Center in Sharkia Governorate, due to the presence of all the irrigation systems under study during the agricultural season 2020/2021, numbering 318 holders, representing about 5% of the total holders of the wheat crop. At the New Salhiya Center, this amounts to about 6360 holders, in addition to statements issued by government agencies and departments. The research used descriptive and quantitative statistical analysis that serves the purposes of the research in analyzing the data and presenting the results. The most important search results (1) The supply of water resources has covered the demand for it in Egypt and Sharkia Governorate, which led to a surplus in water resources of about 0.01, 0.05 billion m3, respectively, as an annual average for the period (2011-2019). (2) The most important sources of irrigation water in Egypt and Sharkia Governorate is the Nile River, where the percentage of the cultivated area irrigated by the waters of the Nile reached about 74.55, 60.19% of the total cultivated area in Egypt and the Sharkia Governorate, which amounts to about 10.225 and 1.390 million feddans, respectively. (3) Most of the cultivated area in Egypt and Sharkia Governorate is irrigated by flood irrigation system, where the proportion of the cultivated area irrigated by flood irrigation system is about 77.12, 76.71% of the total cultivated area in Egypt and Sharkia Governorate, respectively. (4) It was found from the results of the analysis of variance that there were significant differences between the average production of an feddan of wheat, the quantity of seeds, nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, the number of human working days, the number of mechanical work hours, and the amount of irrigation water used to produce an feddan of wheat using different irrigation systems. (5) The farms irrigated with the drip irrigation system outperform the farms irrigated with the flood irrigation system, fixed sprinkler irrigation and center pivot irrigation in terms of feddan productivity and farm income. (6) Lower costs per feddan in wheat farms irrigated with drip irrigation system than in all other irrigation systems. (7) The indicators of economic efficiency and productivity in the case of farms irrigated with the drip irrigation system are superior to those of each of the other irrigation systems. (8) It was found from the results of the covariance analysis that there is a clear effect of the irrigation systems used on each of the average production of a feddan of wheat, total revenue, total costs, net return, and the amount of irrigation water used to produce a feddan of wheat. (9) The most important factors affecting the production of an feddan of wheat irrigated with different irrigation systems are the amount of seeds, the amount of nitrogen fertilizers, the amount of phosphate fertilizers, the amount of human work, mechanical work, and the amount of irrigation water. (10) The total productivity elasticity coefficient reached about 1.516, 1.390 for wheat farms irrigated with flood irrigation system and fixed sprinkler irrigation, respectively, which indicates that the capacity yield is increasing and that these farms operate in the non-economic production stage, and they have a good chance to increase wheat production by recombining inputs The production used to reach the economic production stage, in contrast to the wheat farms irrigated with the center pivot and drip irrigation system, which had a total production elasticity of about 0.319 and 0.292, respectively, which indicates that the capacity yield is decreasing and that these farms operate in the economic production stage, and have efficiency in Use the aforementioned production inputs. (11) The average value of the marginal product per cubic meter of irrigation water rose to a maximum in the case of drip irrigation, which amounted to about 1.10 pounds, followed by fixed sprinkler irrigation, which amounted to about 1.04 pounds, then pivot irrigation, which amounted to about 0.70 pounds, and the average decreased to reach the lowest in the case of Irrigation by immersion, which amounted to about 0.69 pounds. (12) The elasticity of costs was about 0.27, 0.31 for wheat farms irrigated with flood irrigation and fixed sprinkler irrigation, respectively, this means that by increasing wheat production in these farms by about 10%, production costs increase by a smaller percentage in light of the current production level, which reflects the possibility of increasing wheat production on these farms by adding units of used production inputs, in contrast to wheat farms irrigated with center pivot and drip irrigation system, whose cost elasticity amounted to about 1.15 and 1.73, respectively, this means that by increasing wheat production in these farms by about 10%, production costs increase by a larger percentage in light of the current production level, which indicates that the use of the production inputs involved in the production process in these farms is used in an economical way in which the marginal costs are greater than the average costs. Therefore, those interested in developing the Egyptian agricultural sector must hurry to develop appropriate policies and mechanisms in order to replace the flood irrigation system with one of the appropriate modern irrigation systems, especially the drip irrigation system in the entire cultivated area, and work to provide the necessary material and technical assistance to farmers in order to adopt modern irrigation systems, by providing all facilities and soft and long-term loans.