Background Seizures triggered by fever are known as febrile seizures, and they are the most common form in children. The cause of febrile seizures is still a mystery, even though numerous studies have been carried out. Researchers have found cytokines may play an important role in the development of febrile seizures. Objective to evaluate the role of Interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β levels in febrile status epilepticus. Patients and methods; This was a prospective case-control study, conducted at the Neurological Unit of the Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt on 52 children (26 in each group), plasma cytokine (IL-6 and IL-1β) levels were detected as a main part of the initial study design. Results A significant difference was found between both groups as regard IL-6 and IL-1β. Conclusion A genetic risk factor for fever-related seizures in children may be associated with promotor variations in IL-1 β genes rather than IL-6 or HMGB1 genes.