Potential impact of combined infuenza and pneumococcal vaccines on the severity of respiratory illness in COVID‑19 infection among type 2 diabetic patients

Faculty Medicine Year: 2022
Type of Publication: ZU Hosted Pages: 141–150
Authors:
Journal: Clinical and Experimental Medicine springer Volume:
Keywords : Potential impact , combined infuenza , pneumococcal vaccines on    
Abstract:
To retrospectively assess the impact of regular yearly administration of recombinant infuenza and single administration of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on the occurrence of serious respiratory infection including COVID-19 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hundred patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were given Vaxigrip and Prevnar13® vaccines and were evaluated by comprehensive clinical review, airfow screening questionnaire, and routine laboratory investigations with follow-up during the COVID-19 pandemic and compared to a control group of diabetic patients with the same inclusion criteria (n=100). After Vaxigrip and Prevnar13, there is a signifcant improvement in respiratory symptoms and a decrease in the airfow screening questionnaire (p=0.0001) with a signifcant improvement in infammatory parameters as neutrophil– lymphocyte ratio, ESR, CRP, and platelet count. Four patients had mild COVID-19 (4%), mainly gastrointestinal with no complications. Twenty-one out of 32 (65.6%) patients in the control group had severe COVID-19. The hazard ratios of signifcant respiratory tract infection and death due to COVID-19 were 2.29 and 10.24 in the non-vaccinated control (p=0.001). The severity of COVID-19 in diabetes correlated with HBA1C (p=0.007), combined Vaxigrip and Prevnar13 vaccination (p=0.0001), serum creatinine (p=0.001), neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (p=0.001), and thrombocytopenia (p=0.003). The present study suggested that the combination of Prevnar13 and Vaxigrip may be related to decreased occurrence of serious respiratory infections including COVID-19. Further randomized control trials may be needed to establish a direct causation between the two and clarify these associations.
   
     
 
       

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