This manuscript explores the applications and advancements in three-dimensional (3D) printing with a focus on incorporating additive particles with unique properties into polymer composites. The benefits of 3D printing, such as design flexibility and rapid prototyping, are discussed along with the challenges of incorporating reinforcement materials with the polymer matrix. The review emphasizes the importance of achieving a homogeneous distribution of particles in the polymer matrix for filament fabrication in 3D printers. Thus, this review introduces the optimum method to produce a homogenous distribution of particles in the polymer matrix for fabricating filament for a FDM 3D printer. The use of filler particles enhances the properties of 3D printed parts, increasing their density, stiffness, and tribological performance, thereby expanding their applicability in industrial and biomedical fields.