The risk assessment of high‐fat diet in farmed fish and its mitigation approaches: A review

Faculty Agriculture Year: 2022
Type of Publication: ZU Hosted Pages: :948–969
Authors:
Journal: Animal physiology and Animal Nutrtion Weily Volume:
Keywords : , risk assessment , high‐fat diet , farmed fish    
Abstract:
In the era of intensification of fish farms, the high‐fat diet (HFD) has been applied topromote growth and productivity, provide additional energy and substitute partialproteininfishfeeds.Certainly,HFDwithinspecificconcentrationswasfoundtobebeneficial in boosting fish performance throughout a short‐term feeding. However,excessive dietary fat levels displayed vast undesirable impacts on growth, feedefficiency, liver function, antioxidant capacity and immune function and finally reducedthe economic revenue of cultured fish. Moreover, studies have shown that fish dietscontaining a high level of fats resulted inincreasing lipid accumulation, stimulatedendoplasmic reticulum stress and suppressed autophagy in fish liver. Investigationsshowed that HFD could impair the intestinal barrier of fish via triggering inflammation,metabolic disorders, oxidative stress and microbiota imbalance. Several approacheshave been widely used for reducing the undesirable influences of HFD in fish. Dietarymanipulation could mitigate the adverse impacts triggered by HFD, and boost growthand productivity via reducing blood lipids profile, attenuating oxidative stressand hepatic lipid deposition and improving mitochondrial activity, immune functionand antioxidant activity in fish. As well, dietary feed additives have been shown todecrease hepatic lipogenesis and modulate the inflammatory response in fish. Based onthe literature, previous studies indicated that phytochemicals could reduce apoptosisand enhance the immunity of fish fed with HFD. Thus, the present review will explorethe potential hazards of HFD on fish species. It will also provide light on the possibilityof employing some safe feed additives to mitigate HFD risks in farmed
   
     
 
       

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