Journal: |
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part B
Elsevier Inc.
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Abstract: |
Candida albicans is a pathogenic yeast recently associated with diverse diseases in aquaculture. The present study
investigated the efficacy of chitosan nanogel (CNG) in ameliorating effects of C. albicans on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis
niloticus). Fish were randomly distributed into four groups (control, waterborne CNG at 75 μg/L,
intraperitoneally challenged with C. albicans (1.8 × 107 CFU/mL), and waterborne CNG at 75 μg/L + C. albicans
at 1.8 × 107 CFU/mL). Results showed that C. albicans infection reduced survival rate (57.5%) and caused
marked clinical symptoms in fish among all infected groups. Substantial declines in immunological (complement
3, lysozyme, and immunoglobulin M), protein (total protein and non-albumin protein), and antioxidant (catalase,
glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) biochemical endpoints were exhibited, The C. albicans
infected group also showed marked down-regulation in the expression of immune-related genes, including tolllike
receptor 2 (TLR-2), transforming growth factor beta2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6,
and IL-10), and antiapoptotic gene (B-cell lymphoma, BCL-2). The expression of the apoptotic gene (Bcl-2
associated X protein, BAX) was up-regulated in fish challenged by C. albicans. The application of waterborne CNG
to fish challenged with C. albicans infection improved fish survival (79.5%) and all other measured parameters.
The main finding of this work was that CNG is a nanotechnology with potential for preventing degraded health
status by C. albicans infection in tilapia, and thus has promise as an intervention in aquaculture settings.
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