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MICROBIAL ECOLOGY
SPRINGER
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Abstract: |
Application of reductive soil disinfestation (RSD), biochar, and antagonistic microbes have become increasingly popular strategies in a microbiome-based approach to control soil-borne diseases. The combined efect of these remediation methods on the
suppression of cucumber Fusarium wilt associated with microbiota reconstruction, however, is still unknown. In this study, we
applied RSD treatment together with biochar and microbial application of Trichoderma and Bacillus spp. in Fusarium-diseased
cucumbers to investigate their efects on wilt suppression, soil chemical changes, microbial abundances, and the rhizosphere
communities. The results showed that initial RSD treatment followed by biochar amendment (RSD-BC) and combined applications of microbial inoculation and biochar (RSD-SQR-T37-BC) decreased nitrate concentration and raised soil pH, soil organic
carbon (SOC), and ammonium in the treated soils. Under RSD, the applications of Bacillus (RSD-SQR), Trichoderma (RSDT37), and biochar (RSD-BC) suppressed wilt incidence by 26.8%, 37.5%, and 32.5%, respectively, compared to non-RSD
treatments. Moreover, RSD-SQR-T37-BC and RSD-T37 caused greater suppressiveness of Fusarium wilt and F. oxysporum
by 57.0 and 33.5%, respectively. Rhizosphere beta diversity and alpha diversity revealed a diference between RSD-treated and
non-RSD microbial groups. The signifcant increase in the abundance, richness, and diversity of bacteria, and the decrease in
the abundance and diversity of fungi under RSD-induced treatments attributed to the general suppression. Identifed bacterial
(Bacillus, Pseudoxanthomonas, Flavobacterium, Flavisolibacter, and Arthrobacter) and fungal (Trichoderma, Chaetomium,
Cladosporium, Psathyrella, and Westerdykella) genera were likely the potential antagonists of specifc disease suppression for
their signifcant increase of abundances under RSD-treated soils and high relative importance in linear models. This study infers
that the RSD treatment induces potential synergies with biochar amendment and microbial applications, resulting in enhanced
general-to-specifc suppression mechanisms by changing the microbial community composition in the cucumber rhizosphere.
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