Abstract: |
Summary
First: Introduction to the study
There is no doubt that the teaching and learning processes in physical education always require the search for new solutions and be logical for all obstacles and problems because it is one of the most important aspects of the educational and educational process and as its success depends on the extent to which those in charge of this process use useful teaching methods and methods for the success of this educational process, and the basic movements are the basic primary vocabulary in the child's movement as it is a movement performed for itself and must be taken care of in the education program Kinetic is a matter of awareness and adequate understanding of the body's motor potential, and the child through guidance uses basic movements as a way of expression, exploration and development of his abilities.
The basic movements are a set of basic transitional and non-transitional movements such as standing, walking, running, partridge, jumping, skiing and skating (Abdelhamid Sharaf, 2005).
Whereas technology in all its forms is a basic requirement of the times Technological progress has become a major entry point in all fields Regardless of its forms or types, education The abundant and large share in progress and development where Education is an integrated system designed to make man to increase Its interaction and development in various areas of life .
Educational technology is a product of scientific progress. and contemporary technology , as it is at the same time One of the pillars driving this progress, making it in recent times The latter is the focus of attention of educators and those interested in the educational process and has Educational systems have paid attention to technology, and called for its use In management and teaching, methods of using technology have evolved In education and now the attention is focused to develop the methods used in teaching using them and Developing new methods that can contribute to the achievement of and support some curriculum objectives .
It is also a deficiency in basic motor skills one of the most important characteristics of children with intellectual disability, where some suffer from deficiencies in motor skills major such as muscle tension and control of the head and sit and stand and walk and others and motor skills accurate such as holding things and moving and opening and holding the pen and confirms that (boy 2002)
Tahani Abdel Salam (2001) indicates that the participation of this category of people with disabilities in various programs for the practice of sports activities is the means through which the disabled can gain experiences that help him enjoy life and the ability to express himself, participate and deal with others, feel reassured and raise self-confidence.
The study of Muhannad Jubran Moussa, Rami Saleh Halawa and Omar Suleiman Hindawi (2015) indicated to identify the effectiveness of a program to learn basic motor skills on the cognitive-motor abilities of children with mild intellectual disabilities for training and the relationship between the level of basic motor skills and the level of cognitive-motor abilities of the mentally handicapped who are trainable. Experimental and control stop the dimensional measurement in favor of the experimental group The results showed a positive correlation between learning control and control skills and balance skills and between the motor cognitive abilities of this category of intellectual disabilities.
Adel Abdullah (2007) indicates that computer-assisted education is one of the effective methods that depend on the use of multimedia, as it combines a mixture of media such as still and moving images, static and animated graphics, written texts, graphic lines, music and others, all of which are employed to enable the student to receive knowledge and information in a way that makes him feel that he is in the position of the same experience, and also helps to meetOn the other hand, these computer programs work to form environments that simulate reality and help students develop their skills and thinking, which helps in the development of their knowledge and information, and their understanding by interacting with what the computer offers of situations that require new actions for each educational situation so as to excitement and imitation and motivate students to be active continuously, which would believe in the knowledge and concepts that The scientific material includes them for as long as possible (Adel Abdullah, p. 184).
Animation is one of the most influential methods in the educational process, especially for children with disabilities, because it has a very important factor, which is to attract attention through cheerful colors, cartoon sounds and characters, through which we can overcome the obstacle in the difficulty of the scientific method.
Animation gives a magical world of fun imagination lived by the child in particular with all his emotions, sensations and feelings, where he assumes the characters he loves using advanced technology in photography (Abdel Hamid Sharaf, 2002), and animation plays an important role in the educational process as it increases the effectiveness of the applications of teaching aids as well as increases the motivation of learning (French Park, 2003).
It is not possible to make a change in the learner during the teaching of basic motor skills without creating an appropriate educational environment, and this can only be achieved through the use of educational technology, which works by its multiple means to create that environment through which the learner can form his educational experiences by learning how to use all sources of knowledge and modern technological means in order to reach the information himself (Mohamed Saad Zaghloul et al., 2001).
Given the importance of the role played by the basic movements of childhood as an end in itself. As well as it is an educational method at the same time, so those interested in kinetic education advocate that the child's education at this stage must be built programs at least in the light of the foundations of kinetic education.
From the above, the researcher believes that the basic movements of a pre-school child are the main test that helps the child to practice daily activities, which is the main pillar in learning mathematical skills and various motor activities.
Second: the problem of the study
There is no doubt that the practice of sports activities in the correct educational ways affect the individual and earn him trends, values and sound behaviors that make him harmonize with himself with the members of the society in which he lives, which is no less important than nutrition, sleep, work and through the practice of sports activities can build the personality of the child who will become a citizen in the future.
Basic movements also occupy the forefront place in the programs of sports activities and there is no doubt that the disabled have the right to practice all kinds of sports activities in legitimate ways according to their potential and abilities, as the civilizations of peoples have become measured by the size of the practice of sports activities and how to invest leisure time, and basic movements are among the most important movements that intervene in most intervention programs with children with intellectual disabilities that focus on the development of both major basic movements (such as walking - running - standing - sitting) where the development of basic movements is from The objectives of special education programs that must be taken care of and a prerequisite for learning success in all journals, as efficiency in performing these movements is necessary to perform the movements required by the activities of daily living. Children with intellectual disabilities have a clear deficiency in those movements that require accuracy and muscular and neurological compatibility and this deficiency leads to a clear impairment in cognition, which results in some behavioral problems.
The basic movements that the physical education lesson is interested in are the backbone and contribute to a major role in the development and mastery of sports as their development is a basic pillar of sports.
The problem of the current research emanates through the work of the researcher in the field of special education found that the method of education for this category is the traditional way in which the teacher explains the skill verbally and then performs a model without taking into account individual differences, as well as some may not follow the explanation or have difficulty understanding what is required to be underestimated, as there are those who cannot see the model clearly and know the details of the movement, which results in a lack of motivation towards good performance and lack of access to students to the level of movement Or the required skill despite the effort expended.
This method is also characterized by the fact that it may lead to boredom of many students and distraction due to the routine in the implementation of these skills, despite the effectiveness of the traditional method at times, but it does not suit the level of students because it lacks the element of suspense and attracting attention and raising their motivation.
Therefore, the current research is an attempt to experiment with a new technique of modern technological techniques, through which an educational program can be provided using animation and know its impact on teaching basic movements for primary school students (fourth grade) in schools of intellectual education through the integration of video, sound effects, line drawings, still images and moving images to reach optimal education in a new way dominated by the factor of excitement and suspense and work to benefit each learner from the time of the entire educational unit, each according to his abilities and capabilities.
In light of the above, the current problem can be formulated in the following main question
What is the effectiveness of the educational program using animation in teaching some basic movements in the physical education curriculum for the fourth grade of primary school?
The following sub-questions branch out of the research problem
1- Are there differences between the experimental and control group score after applying the program?
2- Are there differences between the degree of the experimental and control group before and after the application of the program?
3- Are there differences between the experimental group's score in the dimensional and tracer measurements?
Third: Objectives of the study
1- Teaching some basic movements (running, stepping the mare, partridge, jumping with landing on one foot, wide jump, side slide) in the physical education curriculum for the fourth grade of primary school.
2- Identify the effectiveness of the proposed educational program using animation in teaching some basic movements in the physical education curriculum for the fourth grade of primary school.
3- Identifying the continuity of the effectiveness of the proposed educational program using animation in teaching some basic movements in the physical education curriculum for the fourth grade of primary school.
Fourth: The importance of the study
The importance of research from a theoretical and practical point of view is as follows:
1- Emphasizing the importance of introducing modern technologies in the educational process.
2- Achieving the goals of the educational process in the fastest and shortest possible time and with the least effort and the maximum possible benefit from technological innovations.
3- Benefiting the industrialists of the decisions related to the preparation of curriculum design in determining the necessary programs and courses.
4- Contribute to the enrichment of educational research and studies based on the use of animation in teaching basic movements in the curricula of physical education for the fourth grade of primary school.
5- Presenting the best methods, techniques and activities that benefit educational specialists and their workers to take care of this category.
Fifth: Procedural terms and concepts of the study
Schools of Intellectual Education
Schools of intellectual education in Egypt are schools affiliated with the Ministry of Education were established to teach mentally handicapped children who are not accepted by regular schools because of their weak level of intelligence, as well as children who are transferred to them from primary schools when they meet the prescribed admission requirements, and these schools are free internal and external study continues for a period ranging from 8 to 11 years, and are found in many cities and provincial capitals at the level of the Republic, and often the children admitted to them are able to For education, their IQ ranges between (50-75) degrees according to the IQ scale. (Ministry of Education, Ministerial Decree No. 37 of 1990 on the regulation of special education schools and classes).
Basic movements in the physical education curriculum
The researcher defines it procedurally as those natural movements innate practiced by the individual and performed without anyone teaching him such as (running, walking, partridge, jumping, jumping) as the efficiency in the performance of these skills is necessary to perform the movements required by the activities of daily life.
Animation
The researcher defines it procedurally using imaging techniques that depend on recording shots separately and sequentially resulting in a tape of images known as the intermittent movement system occurs when viewing through the display screen to illusion movement, and thus it depends on a technique of production techniques that enable the artist to act in the design processes for each frame separately.
Tutorial
It is a set of organized procedures based on a set of activities that include movements (running, step mare, partridge, jump with landing on one foot, wide jump, side piste) through a set of regular means and techniques that are provided to students with intellectual disabilities during a specific period of time and are trained through a set of sessions so that they can perform those movements on their own in order to wish some basic movements.
Limitations of the study
Spatial determinants: The spatial boundaries of the current study are represented in the School of Intellectual Education in Deyerb Negm, Sharkia Governorate.
Time limitations: The study will be applied in the first term of the academic year 2022-2023 over a period of three months (60) sessions, (5) sessions per week, and the duration of the session ranges from (45) minutes.
Methodological determinants
1- Human Determinants:The human determinants of the current study are the students attached
(in the fourth grade of primary school) in the intellectual school.
2- Methodology: The researcher will use the experimental approach due to its suitability to the nature of the study through experimental design with two equivalent groups, one experimental and the other controlled using the pre- and post-measurement of each.
3- Study Tools
- A form to measure growth variables (age, height, weight).
- Stanford scale interlayer fifth image.
- Scale of major motor skills (prepared by Alroush Arabization Muhammad Saleh 2018).
- Animation program to teach some basic movements in the physical education curriculum (prepared by the researcher).
4- Statistical methods
The researcher used a set of statistical methods using the Spss program to process data, which are:
- Mann-Whitney test for independent (non-correlated) samples
- Wilcoxon test for correlated samples.
- Value (Z).
- The value (U) of the program effect size.
- Alpha coefficient for Cronbach. Cronbach's alpha
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