Abstract: |
Introduction
Autism is a generalized or pervasive developmental disorder, and the
term generalized and pervasive developmental disorder is currently used to
refer to severe problems that begin to appear during early childhood. Of
course, a general delay occurs in the entire developmental process, which
leaves negative effects on many different aspects of development, in
addition to the child with autism disorder suffering from deficiencies in the
social aspect, as a result of which he is forced to withdraw from social
interactions and situations (Adel Abdullah, 2002, 11), autism disorder is an
obstacle that prevents children with autism from engaging in effective
positive social interactions and relationships, and this was confirmed by the
study (2017, 69) Watkins, Kuhn, Ledbetter, Gevarter, & O'Reilly, where it
stated that poor social communication skills are considered A core feature
of autism includes deficiencies in social and emotional interactions,
deficiencies in developing and maintaining relationships, inability to use
and understand gestures, and difficulty making friends. and maintaining it,
and the inability to play imaginatively.
Many studies have agreed on the importance of activities, play, and
motor skills for people with autism, and among these studies is the study of
Chol (2000, 37), which aimed to reveal the effect of play activities on
developing communication skills in children with autism, and the results
showed that Play has a positive effect on the development of
communication in children with autism, in addition to the study of Walaa
Khader (2010), which aimed to identify the effectiveness of the motor
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aspect of the TEACCH program in developing motor and social skills in
children with autism.
The study problem
Previous studies showed an increase in the number of children with autism,
as the study (ROWLAND, 2020) showed that the diagnosis of autism
spectrum disorder increased by more than 70 percent between (2006) and
(2012), and the disability of autism has a comprehensive impact on all
aspects of development The child's mental, social, emotional and sensory
aspects, however, the most obvious deficiencies in this disability is the
social aspect. The speech ability of 50% of children with autism disorder,
as indicated by Bagi et al. (2020) PAIGE ET AL that children with autism
disorder suffer from multiple deficiencies, foremost among which is social
communication.
The researcher noticed a lack of training on social communication skills by
those in charge of caring for children with autism disorders in civil society
institutions, and within the limits of the researcher's knowledge, it became
clear that there is a dearth of studies that dealt with the use of motor
activities in developing children's social communication skills. People with
autism in the Arab environment, so the researcher seeks, through the
current study, to provide the child with social communication skills through
the use of motor activities, based on the fact that motor activities help
alleviate the problem of isolation among these children and help them
express their needs and reduce their tensions, emotions and feelings of
loneliness. And alleviating the symptoms of autism, given that
communication is one of the biggest problems that researchers face when
dealing with these children, and based on the above, the problem of the
study can be identified in a short research manner in the following main
question:
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What is the effectiveness of a training program using motor activities in
developing some social communication skills for children with autism
disorder?
the study aims
The current study seeks to achieve the following objectives:
1. Developing some social communication skills for children with autism
through a training program based on the use of motor activities and testing
the effectiveness of this program.
2. Checking the continuity of the training program using motor activities in
achieving its objectives after completing its application and during the
follow-up period.
the study Importance
The theoretical and practical importance of the study is represented in
the following points:
1. Contribute to rehabilitating and helping children with autism to
communicate well with members of society.
2. Shed light on the importance of social communication skills for
children with autism and work on developing them to enable them to
play their social role and participate in the development and progress
of society.
3. Shedding light on the importance of motor activities in developing
social communication skills for children with autism
the study definitions
1. Autistic Disorder: “A pattern of autism spectrum disorder characterized
by deficiencies in social behaviors, communication, and symbolic play,
as well as the presence of stereotypical, repetitive, and restricted
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behaviors and interests. It is also pathologically associated with
attention deficit disorder or distraction. (Adel Abdullah, 2014, 40).
2. Social Communication Skills: “It is a set of acquired behaviors that
enable the child to interact positively with others, and give him the
ability to correctly perceive his behaviors that help him to behave well
in situations of social interaction and to be able to modify and control
his behavior in a manner that It is commensurate with different social
attitudes and community standards.
3. Motor activities: the initial and innate vocabulary of children's
movement is a way of expression and exploration to explain the child's
self and develop his ability, by forming and designing situations that
are an incentive for the child to challenge his abilities, and acquiring
basic motor skills requires that the child go through various
experiences, attitudes and motor experiences within Guided Programs
(Afaf Othman, 2013)
4. The training program: the researcher defines it procedurally as a set of
planned and organized procedures based on scientific foundations to
train children with autism disorder to perform various activities and
motor skills and help them make the most of their capabilities and
potentials, through a set of techniques and activities that help achieve
the general goal. study, within a specified period of time.
the Study hypothesizes
• There are statistically significant differences between the mean rank of
the experimental group and the control group in the post measurement
on the scale of measure of social communication in favor of the
experimental group.
• There are statistically significant differences between the mean rank of
the experimental group in the tribal and remote measurements on the
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scale of measure of social communication in favor of the post
measurement.
• There are no statistically significant differences between the mean rank
of the experimental group in the post and follow-up measurements on
the scale measure of social communication.
Methodology and Procedures
Methodology
The researcher used the experimental approach using the experimental
design for two groups, one experimental and the other a control group, to
verify the effectiveness of the training program using motor activities (the
independent variable) in developing some social communication skills (the
dependent variable).
the study sample
The study was conducted on a sample of (16) children with autism, who
were deliberately selected from children attending Zahra Center and Ma’an
Center for Communication in Zagazig, and they were divided into two
equal groups, one experimental and the other control.
tools of data collection
The tools that were used in this study included three types of scales
according to the purpose of each scale, between the tools for controlling the
sample and selecting its members, and measuring tools for the research
variables, and then the program used, as follows:
A- Tools for controlling the sample and selecting its members, including:
1. Primary data form prepared by the researcher
2. The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, fifth image (definition of
Safwat Farag, 2010)
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3. The Gilliam-3 Scale for Estimating Symptoms of Autism Disorder in
Childhood (GARS-3) Arabization by Adel Abdullah (2020)
B- Measuring tools: It includes one scale:
Social Communication Scale for Children with Autism Disorder,
prepared by Prof. Dr. Adel Abdullah, researcher Ola Muhammad Ali
C- The training program using motor activities to develop some social
communication skills, prepared by Prof. Dr. Adel Abdullah, researcher
Ola Muhammad Ali.
the statistical treatments
The non-parametric statistical methods of Mann-Whitney and
Wilcoxon's Z-value were used
the study result
The results revealed the effectiveness of the training program using
motor activities in developing social communication skills for children with
autism disorder who are members of the experimental group in all
dimensions of the social communication scale (cooperation, interaction,
friendship formation and emotional expression) and in the total score of the
scale, and the size of the effect of the program in general was strong. It also
reflects the value of U, which indicates the size of that effect, and the
continuity of the effect of the program was shown after the end of the
program and during the follow-up period.
the study recommended
through the results of the study, the study recommended the need to use
methods and standards that enable early diagnosis and intervention of
disabilities and psychological and social disorders for children with autism
disorder, as well as the need to pay attention to early intervention to
develop social skills in children with autism disorder, and not only
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integration within nurseries only, but it must Training children on social
communication skills within the training rooms in order for education to be
more effective. Care must also be given to motor activity programs when
rehabilitating children with autism disorder because of their impact on
developing their social communication skills and improving their level of
development and personal social compatibility.
Researches suggestions
The researcher suggests a number of related general topics that can be
studied as follows:
1. The effectiveness of a program using motor activities in developing the
academic skills of children with autism
2. The effectiveness of a program using motor activities in developing
some language skills for children with autism
3. The effectiveness of a program using motor activities to develop some
social skills for autistic childre
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