Abstract: |
Introduction
Autism is a generalized or pervasive developmental disorder, and the
term generalized and pervasive developmental disorder is currently used
to refer to severe problems that begin to appear during early childhood. Of
course, a general delay occurs in the entire developmental process, which
leaves negative effects on many different aspects of development, in
addition to the fact that a child with a disorder suffers from deficiencies in
the social aspect, as a result of which he is forced to withdraw from social
interactions and situations. Also, autism is one of the disorders that is still
witnessing great interest among researchers and specialists alike, due to
the ambiguity and difference in the causes and educational and
rehabilitative programs.
A child with autism disorder shows a disturbance in communication
skills with others and an inability to adapt socially, which makes it
difficult for the child to integrate into social life, and difficulties in the
skill of verbal and non-verbal expression. Communication also expresses
the individual's ability to understand and use patterns of verbal
communication, and to convey information and ideas. Feelings and
attitudes between individuals. Communication and language, both verbal
and non-verbal, are among the main problems that characterize a child
with autism. Children with autism are unable to use language to express
their interests and needs, and they do not turn towards the sound when
calling them, and they do not look at who is looking. Or turns to them, just
as they lack spontaneous speech or spontaneity in speech, and they do not
initiate the conversation unless the other party starts talking to them and
directs them to speak, in addition o the problems that hinder their
SUMMARY
3
acquisition of many basic concepts that help them communicate and deal
with others.
The use of language games is of great importance in learning the
language and improving the language performance of children, as
language games work on learning the language and acquiring its various
skills. And since language learning requires a great deal of intensive
training in order for the child to be able to use it and develop its skills,
language games that are well chosen to suit the specific goals allow
children to train in the four language skills (listening, speaking, reading,
and writing), as well as It employs useful language well within real-world
contexts. It also usually stimulates children's motivation to learn the
language, and encourages them, on the other hand, to achieve social
interactions and communicate with others using language. Language
games usually help children to maintain the impact of training and
learning for long periods, and work to find meaningful and meaningful
contexts in which to use language. Based on this, the use of active play,
language games, educational games, or language educational games
would contribute effectively to acquiring linguistic concepts for children
with autism, or providing them with vocabulary, or receptive and
expressive language skills, and developing them in a manner that enables
these children From using them in different social contexts, which can
help in developing the linguistic level on their part.
The study Problem
The problem was felt by looking at previous research and studies that dealt
with the variables of the study together, as it turned out that there is a lack
of studies that dealt with language games in improving communication
skills for children with autism disorder in the Arab environment, within
the limits of the researcher's knowledge, and a great interest appeared By
researchers to provide communication skills for children with autism
disorder. Communication and language, both verbal and non-verbal, are
SUMMARY
4
among the main problems that characterize a child with autism. They stop
using language to express their interests and needs, and appear as if they
are deaf or blind so that they do not turn towards the sound when they are
called.
The problem of the current study can be formulated in the following main
question:
What is the effectiveness of a language games training program in
improving the communication skills of children with autism?
Objectives of the study
Improving the communication skills of children with autism through
language games.
To identify the extent of the effect of the language games training
program on children with autism disorder during the follow-up period.
The importance of studying
Shedding light on the communication skills of children with autism and
working on improving them.
Shedding light on the importance of language games in improving the
communication skills of children with autism.
Providing those responsible for preparing educational and educational
programs for these children and those working with them with a program
of language games to improve communication skills that is used in various
data such as (school, center, home), commensurate with the characteristics
of this category of these children.
The results of the current study are useful in the work of counseling
programs for parents, which contribute to improving communication
skills, relying on language games.
The study sample
The study sample consisted of (14) children with autism, whose ages
ranged from (6-9) years, in Zagazig, Sharkia Governorate.
Study methodology: The experimental method was used.
SUMMARY
5
Study tools
The tools of the study were the Stanford-Binet intelligence scale, fifth
image (prepared by Mahmoud Abu El-Nil, 2011), the estimated Gilliam
scale for diagnosing the symptoms and severity of autism disorder
(prepared by Adel Abdullah, and Abeer Abu Al-Magd 2020), and the
language scale (Arabization / Ahmed Abu Hasiba, 2013), the
communication skills scale (prepared by Adel Abdullah and Norhan
Gamal Saad El-Din, 2022), and the training program (prepared by Adel
Abdullah and Norhan Gamal Saad El-Din, 2023).
Statistical methods
Wilcoxon rank signs test for correlated scores, to calculate the
difference between the mean of the ranks of pairs of correlated scores, and
the Mann-Whitney test, through the statistical software package for the
social sciences known as SPSS.
Results
- There are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of
the experimental and control groups in communication skills in favor of
the experimental group.
- There are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of
the pre and post measurements in the communication skills of the
experimental group in favor of the post measurement.
- There are no statistically significant differences between the mean scores
of the post and follow-up measurements in the communication skills of
|
|
|