Geological Studies On North Hammam Faraun Area, Eastern Side of the Gulf of Suez, Egypt.

Faculty Science Year: 2024
Type of Publication: ZU Hosted Pages:
Authors:
Journal: Volume:
Keywords : Geological Studies , North Hammam Faraun Area,    
Abstract:
The study deals with the geology of the north Hammam Faraun area (western central Sinai), on the eastern side of the Gulf of Suez. Physiographically, the area is an elongated belt of series of high faulted blocks and ridges, the area subdivided into four relief units. These are coastal plain, coastal ridges, low land and moderate relief units. From the drainage lineament study it is noticed that the variability trendsis controlled structurally it is affected by the main trend’s tectonic elements of the Gulf of Suez region with minor role of the lithology in the shape of the drainage net. Stratigraphaclly,the exposed sequence in the study area range in age from Early Eocene to Recent. The exposed Eocene rocks are mainly composed of domain chalky limestone and calcareous shale with thin chert bands and it is subdivided into four rock units, from older to younger, Wasyite Fm.(Early to Middle Eocene),Rod El Awad Fm.(Middle Eocene),Thal Fm. (Middle Eocene) and Tanka Fm.(Late Eocene).The Eocene rocks unconformably overlain by the Lower Miocene clastic and carbonate rocks of Nukhul Fm. While the exposed Lower and Middle Miocene in the area could be differentiated into Gharandal Group and Ras Malaab Group. Gharandal is mainly composed of calcareous claystone, selenitic shale, sandy and / or argillaceous limestone and glauconitic sandstone and subdivided into Nukhul and Rudies formations which belonging to Lower Miocene, which is conformably overlain with Ras Malaab Group . Ras Malaab Group is consists mainly of gypsum, calcareous shale and marls with some intercalation of thin sandy, algal limestone and subdivided into Kareem, Belayim and South Gharib formations which belonging to Middle Miocene. The Miocene rocks overlies unconformably the Eocene- Oligocene (?) rocks and also unconformable underlies Pliocene and /or Quaternary deposits. The Pliocene sediments are of limited distribution in the area and mainly composed of feruginated, dolomitic, siliceous, sandy, gluconetic limestone with minor sandstone. The Pliocene rocks unconformably underlies the Pleistocene- Recent sediments. The Pleistocene – Recent sediments is mainly composed of sand, sand dune, gravel,alluvial deposits, raised beach and gypcrete gypsum. The gypsum planket reaches a thickness of 3-5 meter and its mainly composed of soft fine nodular gypsum and detrital components. Structurally, the primary structure includes bedding stratification of physical origin, non-bedding features and bedding features. Faults and joints are the main secondary structures elements while folding plays a minor role in the present area. The structural set-up reflects the existence of major fault running NW-SE trend. Joints are a common structure feature especially the Eocene limestone. The joint analysis indicates they are intimately related to faulting, and it noticed that the older rocks (Eocene) were affected by the older tectonic events i.e. clysmic trend while joints of the Miocene rocks were affected by the younger tectonic event. Petrographically, the exposed rocks are subdivided into carbonate groups and non-carbonate groups. The carbonate group of the Eocene rocks is subdivided into eleven microfacies associations while carbonate group are divided into four microfacies associations. The carbonate group of the Miocene rocks is subdivided into eight microfacies associations while carbonate group are divided into five microfacies associations. The Pliocene rocks are divided into three microfacies associations. The main diagenetic processes affecting these associations are cementation, recrystallization, replacement, overgrowth, and dolomitization. The Miocene rocks exhibit abundant diagenetic changes rather than the Eocene rocks. This may be to the high porosity and permeability of the Miocene rocks in relation to those of the Eocene rocks. Paleoenvironment conditions of the exposed Eocene rock units from reefal facies at the older to open marine environments graded upward to shallow neritic zone while the exposed Eocene rock units deposited range shallow marine environment near shore to semi-restricted and hyper saline marine conditions. The Pliocene sediments are deposited in mixed environments of proper shallow marine and continental conditions.
   
     
 
       

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