The Early Dynastic Period is the beginning of the Historical erras, Which was Precededby a Number of Stone ages are the Palaeo Lithic, and the Neolithic and ending to the Ch'alcolithic. As for the Early Dynastic Period – the Subject of the Study – was addressed in terms of its definition, duration of time, names and the most important events in it, Since the Ancient Egyptian Civilization has appeared its initial features in this era, we have addressed in terms of its nature and the most important factors of its origin and the human race responsible for the establishment of this Civilization and the origin of the Egyptians and the ruling dynasty. We also talked about the emergence of the regime in Ancient Egypt, and the associated political development in the first and second dynasties on the internal and external Levels with the mention of the most important Kings and Cities of this Period. Then we shed Light on the beginning of the emergence of the monarchy in Ancient Egypt and everything related to it, which is in its nature, Characteristics, royal Ceremonies and tombs as well as the titles and duties of the king and his administration. And because there is a close link between religion and politics, the study dealt with the most important forms of this connection starting from the coming of the gods and then the Creation of humans and the form of the relationship between them, embodied in the temple and the palace, Also talk about the policy of kings in strengthening their religious influence by building temples, Celebrating religious Ceremonies and visit the holy places, In addition to, their names associated with the names of the gods and finally the prominent role of the gods in Judgment. As for Mesopotamia, the Early Dynastic period wqs also the beginning of the historical eras, which of course was preceded by a number of stone ages starting from the paleolithic to the Mesolithic, Neolithic, chalcolithic, ending warka and Jemdt – Nasr. Then the Early Dynastic period and the origin of the sumerian race and its nature besides the sumerian Civilization and its origination factors, then the stages of the emergence of the regime in Mesopotamia and the pattern of the political system which was known in this early period "CityStates", with the mention of the most important dynasties and political conflicts that took place between them, and the most famous cities and its prominent role. Similarly, the study deal with the origins of the monarchy with which relates to it, starting from the period immediately following the flood, in terms of: its characteristics, nature, royal insignia and tombs, besides titles and functions of the king. Since there is a close connection between the presence of both gods and humans in Mesopotamia, the study focused on the nature of relationship between them, besides the complex of the gods, and the most important forms of the connect between religion and politics were also discussed through their own systems, namely the temple and the palace, Kings attention in this period with religious aspects to strengthen their influence, and finally, the gods obvious role in the political process.