Abstract: |
This study was carried out on a flock of Baladi goat breed belonging to the farm of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University and a private Baladi goat flock, at Zagazig suburbs. from February 2010 to April 2012
This work included four experiments for study effect of management systems of goats on their behaviour
I.-First experiment (Effect of social ranking on some maintenance behviour and temperament of goat in relation to management system).
Thirty baladi goat, apparently healthy, aged 12 – 18 months were used. The animals were allocated randomly into two separate, equal groups (3 males, 12 females) according to system of management
The obtained results in this experiment indicated the following:
1. frequency and time of genital sniffing , does move on after genital sniffing , does urinate before move on after genital sniffing, does turning a head and threat toward buck after genital sniffing , flehman response, nudging and mounting revealed that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in mean frequency and time as the indoor system was higher than outdoor system.
2. Aggressive behaviour of goats revealed that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in mean frequency and time of threat, avoidance and butting in indoor system was increased than in comparison with outdoor system, but there was no significant difference in the frequency of flight.
3. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in mean frequency and time of eating, rumination and drinking in indoor system was increased than outdoor system.
4. The eliminative behaviour revealed that there was significant difference (P<0.05) in mean frequency of urination and defecation between indoor and outdoor system.
5. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in mean frequency and time of idling, lying and rapid eye movement in indoor system higher than outdoor system
6. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in mean frequency of body care behavior in indoor system higher than outdoor system.
7. Goats with walking frequency in outdoor system higher than goats indoor system, But there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in mean frequency and time of standing as indoor system was increased than in outdoor system
8. There was a significant affect by temperament (P<0.05) where friendly and confident goats have higher body weight and growth rate than excitable, tense, watchful, apprehensive and goat fearful from people in indoor system and outdoor system. Also growth rate of goat higher in indoor system than outdoor system
II. Second experiment: (`Critical period of kids and adoption)
Twenty four apparently healthy goat with their kids divided randomly into 2 groups(A&B), In group A (n=12) licked kids by its does before maternal separation and group B (n=12) without licking the kids.
The results of this experiment were explained the following:
1. Frequency and time (min) of feeding drinking and rumination of mother in Table (9) were higher during critical peroid in group (B) than group (A)..
2. Frequency of maternal behaviour (mother allowing suckling and approaching of kids) extend for longer period after 4 hour of isolates in group (A) than group (B).
3. Mother with licked kids with higher significant (P<0.05) in self grooming, tail wagging ear flack and rubbing than the mother with unlicked kids.
3. Frequency of shunning kid, butting kid, no contact by mother higher in group (B) than group(b)
4. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in mean frequency of urination and defecation, as group (B) was increased during critical peroid than in group (A).
5. Frequency of self grooming, tail wagging and ear flick higher in group (A) than group (B) during critical peroid.
6. There was significant difference (p<0.05) between group A and B. The frequency and time (min.) of lying, idling and sleeping higher in group(B) than group (A) during critical peroid .
7. Frequency of standing and walking were higher in group (A) than in group (B) during critical peroid.
8. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in mean frequency of kinetic behaviour of kids for group (A) was higher than in group (B) during critical peroid.
9. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in mean frequency of udder seaking for group (B) was higher than group (A) during critical peroid,
10. Thee was a significant difference (P<0.05) in mean frequency of kinetic behaviour of licked kids was higher than the unlicked kids.
11. Unlicked kids have a higher lying and sleeping frequency and time (min) compared with licked kids.
12. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in urination and defecation frequency between licked and unlicked kids.
13. Frequency of self grooming, rubbing, tail wagging and ear flick were higher in group (A) than in group (B).
III. Third experiment the effect of classical learning on feeding behaviour of kids:
This study was carried out on six kids apparently healthy, aged eight weeks old divided at random into two groups(A&B).
Group A: three kids were fed on ration contain 0.5% NacL for four weeks as control group.
Group B: three kids were fed on ration contain 1% Nacl for four weeks.
The obtained results in this experiment indicated the following:
1. There was a significant difference (P <0.05) in frequency and time (min) of feeding concentrates, rumination and drinking were higher in experimental group (B) with ration 1% Nacl than control group (A) with ration 0.5% Nacl
2. Experimental group (B) with ration 1% Nacl have higher significant weight and growth rate of kids than control group (A) with ration 0.5% Nacl.
3. Experimental group (B) with ration 1% Nacl have a higher lying, idling and rapid eye movement sleep frequency and time (min) compared with control group (A) with ration 0.5% Nacl.
4. There was no significant difference in kinetic behaviour between control group (A) with ration 0.5% Nacl and experimental group (B) with ration 1% Nacl.
5. There was no significant difference (P<0.05) in play behaviour between control group (A) with ration 0.5% Nacl and experimental group (B) with ration 1% Nacl
6. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in the body care behaviour mean frequency of self grooming the control group (A) with ration 0.5%Nacl kids have higher compared with experimental group (B) with ration 1% Nacl, while rubbing, tail wagging and ear flick with no significant difference .
7. There was no significant difference (P<0.05) in the aggressive behaviour of kids between control group (A) with ration 0.5% Nacl and experimental group (B) with ration 1% Nacl.
8. There was no significant difference (P<0.05) in the sterotypes of kids between control group (A) with ration 0.5% Nacl and experimental group (B) with ration 1% Nacl .
IV. Fourth experimenmt (The effect of management system on behaviour of goat):
Twelve males goat apparently healthy, divided randomely into two groups.
Group A: Six male goats were reared with each other away from flock.
Group B: Six male goats were reared within flock of female goat
The obtained results in this experiment indicated the following:
1. Frquency and time (min) of feeding, drinking and rumination of males goat higher in mixed group (B) than mono several group (A).
2.There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in mean frequency and time (min) of lying, idling and rapid eye movement sleep , as group (A) monosexual males goat increased than in group (B) mixed group.
3. Monosexual males goat in group (A) have a higher standing, walling and running frequency and time (min) compared with mixed group.
4. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in the mean frequency and time (min) of threat and butting between monosexual group (A) and mixed group (B). But there was no significant difference in the mean frequency of flight and avoidance between mono sexual group (A) and mixed group (B).
5. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the mean frequency of male smelling urine of female, male smelling genitalia of females, flehman response, male mount male, male mount female successful mating, false mounting , hestization, intermission-* and ejaculation between monosexual group (A) and mixed group (B).
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