The current research aimed to find out how to improve the relative efficiency of the Egyptian public primary education by using the data envelopment analysis method (DEA). The nature of this research required using the descriptive method, and using DEA in conducting an applied study; with the aim of measuring the relative efficiency of this type of education in various Egyptian governorates; in order to improve it. The research had reached several results, among the most prominent of them were: The failure of Egyptian public primary education - in general - to achieve the complete relative efficiency, according to the variable returns to scale model (BCC) with the input and output orientations during the academic years 2018/2019 and 2019/2020, and (9) Egyptian governorates achieved the complete relative efficiency of this education in them in both orientations during the 2018/2019 academic year, and (8) governorates achieved this efficiency during the 2019/2020 academic year, and that Marsa Matrouh governorate was the lowest in the Egyptian governorates to achieve the relative efficiency of this education during the academic year 2018/2019, while Minya governorate was the least achieved during the 2019/2020 academic year, and that the relative efficiency of this education can be improved in the inefficient governorates, by controlling or control over each of the variables (inputs and outputs) of this education, according to the size and amount of required improvements for the variables of each governorate, which were identified through using DEA. In light of the results of this research, a set of recommendations were proposed to improve the relative efficiency of the Egyptian public primary education.