Journal: |
ULTRASTRUCTURAL PATHOLOGY
Taylor& Francis
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Volume: |
47
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Abstract: |
The unlimited use of nanoparticles (NPs) results in toxic impacts on different tissues. The current
study aimed to compare the adverse effects of AgNPs and TiO2NPs on the parotid gland of adult
male albino rats as regards the histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical
changes, exploring the possible underlying mechanisms and the degree of improvement after
cessation of administration. Fifty-four adult male albino rats were divided into control group (I),
AgNPs-injected group (II), and TiO2NPs-injected group (III). We measured the levels of tumor
necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL-6) in the serum, and levels of MDA and GSH in
parotid tissue homogenate. Quantitative real-time polymerase-chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used
to measure the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator
1-alpha (PGC1-α), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4), mouse
double minute 2 (MDM2), Caspase-3 Col1a1, and Occludin. Parotid tissue sections were examined
by light microscope (Hematoxylin & Eosin and Mallory trichrome stains), electron microscope, and
immunohistochemical examination of CD68 and anti-caspase-3 antibodies. Both NPs severely
affected the acinar cells and damaged the tight junction between them by enhancing expression
of the inflammatory cytokines, inducing oxidative stress, and disturbing the expression levels of
the studied genes. They also stimulated fibrosis, acinar cell apoptosis, and inflammatory cells
infiltration in parotid tissue. TiO2NPs effects were less severe than AgNPs. Cessation of exposure
to both NPs, ameliorated the biochemical and structural findings with more improvement in TiO2
NPs withdrawal. In conclusion: AgNPs and TiO2NPs adversely affected the parotid gland, but TiO2
NPs were less toxic than AgNPs.
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