Background: Preconception health risks assessment is a crucial issue especially among women at reproductive age to prevent health hazards for both the mother and the fetus. Aim: This study aimed to assess the preconception health risks among women at reproductive age. Design: A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used. Subjects: By purposive sampling, this study included 384 women at reproductive age who were referred to the Maternal and Child Health Center in Mansoura City. Tool: The women’s general characteristics and preconception health risks were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Among the non-modifiable preconception health risks, a family history of diseases was found in more than three-fourths of women; more than three-fifths of women were multipara and aged more than 30 years. Additionally, more than one-third measured less than 150 cm in height. Regarding the modifiable preconception risks, most women drank caffeine and ate frequently large meals, more than two-thirds were constantly exposed to passive smoking, and more than two-fifths had no regular exercise and dental care. Conclusion: The most non-modifiable preconception health risk was a family history of chronic diseases, and the most modifiable preconception behavioral health risks were drinking caffeine, eating frequently large meals, and being exposed to passive smoking constantly. Most women were also exposed to chemicals or radiation. Recommendation: All primary healthcare providers should screen all women for their intention for pregnancy and provide the appropriate preconception services.