Modular construction (MC) is regarded as a greener and more sustainable building method and is required for assessing the sustainability of a project. The study aims to establish a model for modular construction (MC) adoption in developing nations by examining the link between critical success factors (CSFs) and overall sustainable success (OSS) for residential projects. To determine the significance of these CSFs, a questionnaire survey was undertaken with construction industry professionals in Egypt. The study employed partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to examine the correlations between the identified CSFs and OSS. The findings revealed that the seven CSFs have a substantial impact on the OSS of residential projects, influencing it by 27.4%. The results can be utilised by decision-makers as a reference and benchmark to (1) investigate the major CSFs for adopting MC in developing nations and attaining OSS in their residential projects; and (2) develop a plan for adopting MC in these nations, including Egypt.