| Abstract: |
Background
Our study aimed to assess the burden of obesity on the health system and outcomes in patients with nonvalvular cardiomyopathy.
Methods
A retrospective analytical cohort, single-center study was conducted at King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC),
Makkah, from June 2019 to June 2020, and includes all non-valvular cardiomyopathy (NVCM) patients. The
patients were divided into two groups, obese (BMI≥30) and non-obese (BMI<30). The two groups were
compared using a t-test and a chi-squared test for continuous and categorical data and regression analysis.
Results
A single-center, retrospective study was conducted at KAMC, Makkah, and included all NVCM patients
(ejection fraction or EF≤45%) who were admitted during this study period. A total of 626 NVCM patients were
included in this cohort study; they had a mean BMI of 29±8.1 and a mean EF of 28.4±9.7. Patients were
divided into two groups, obese (BMI≥30) and non-obese (BMI<30). Obese patients represented 37% (n=231)
of our study population. The non-ischemic category of cardiomyopathy had a higher prevalence among the
obese (35% vs 27%). A higher percentage of obese patients presented with heart failure (HF) symptoms
rather than ischemia or arrhythmia (46%, 40%, and 7% for HF symptoms, ischemia, and arrhythmia,
respectively). There was no significant difference in NVCM complications, including cardiogenic shock,
pulmonary edema, and cardiac arrest, between the two groups. Obese patients had a significantly higher
post-myocardial infarction (MI) ejection fraction (29.7±9.7 vs 27.5±9.7, p=0.01). We found a statistically
significant positive correlation between BMI and length of in-hospital stay (P=0.04). In-hospital mortality
was non-significantly different between our two groups, although numerically, it was higher among the
non-obese group (obesity paradox) (10% vs 12%, p=0.2). Type of cardiomyopathy, cerebrovascular stroke,
smoking, and sacubitril/valsartan intake were detected as independent predictors of in-hospital mortality
among our patients.
Conclusions
Obesity among NVCM patients sets more burden on health facilities by the prolongation of the in-hospital
stay of patients although BMI is not an independent predictor of death in those patients.
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