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Scientific Reports
Springer Nature
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Abstract: |
This study assessed the restorative dietary effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves extract against
the negative impacts of sub-lethal fipronil (FIP) toxicity in Nile tilapia. To achieve this purpose, the
growth, body composition, haemato-biochemical measurements, serum immunity, and antioxidant
condition of Nile tilapia have been examined. Fish were arranged into 6 experimental groups in
quadruplicates. Three groups were fed on diets supplemented with 0.0 (reference group), 1.0 (MO1),
and 2.0 (MO2) g kg−
1 of MO leaf extract. The other three groups were fed on the same MO levels
and concomitantly subjected to a sub-lethal FIP concentration (4.2 μg L−
1 for 3 h only per day) and
defined as FIP, FIP + MO1, and FIP + MO2. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. Results unveiled that
growth parameters were significantly decreased alongside an increased feed conversion ratio in the
FIP-intoxicated group. The moisture and crude protein (%) were decreased significantly together with
a significant increase of the crude lipids (%) in the fish body of the FIP group. Sub-lethal FIP toxicity
induced hypochromic anemia, leukopenia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoglobulinemia,
and hepato-renal failure (increased urea and creatinine concentrations, as well as ALT and AST
enzymes). Exposure to sub-lethal FIP also induced (a) immunosuppression manifested by a decline in
total IgM, complement C3, and lysozyme activities, (b) enzymatic antioxidant misbalance manifested
by decreases in SOD and CAT activities, and (c) oxidative stress (declined T-AOC and elevated of MDA
concentrations). On the other side, dietary supplementation with MO leaf extract in FIP + MO1 and
FIP + MO2 groups noticeably modulated the aforementioned parameters. Therefore, we can conclude
that dietary MO could reduce sub-lethal FIP toxicity in Nile tilapia with a possible recommendation for
regular prophylaxis supplementation in Nile tilapia diets.
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