Abstract: |
Due to the unpredictable nature of renewable sources such as sun and wind, the integration
of such sources to a grid is complicated. However, a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES)
can solve this problem. Constructing a reliable HRES in remote areas is essential. Therefore, this
paper proposes a new methodology incorporating a crow search algorithm (CSA) for optimizing
the scale of an HRES installed in a remote area. The constructed system comprises photovoltaic (PV)
panels, wind turbines (WTs), batteries, and diesel generators (DGs). The target is to achieve the most
economical and efficient use of renewable energy sources (RESs). The CSA is used as it is simple in
implementation, it only requires a few parameters, and it has a high flexibility. The designed system
is constructed to serve an electrical load installed in the northeastern region of the Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia. The load data are provided by the Saudi Electricity Company, including those of the Aljouf
region (Sakaka, Alqurayyat, Tabarjal, Dumat Aljandal, and its villages) and the northern border
region (Arar, Tarif, Rafha, and its affiliated villages). The temperature, irradiance, and wind speed
of the Aljouf region (latitude 29.764 ° and longitude 40.01 °) are collected from the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration (NASA) from 1 Jan. 2020 to 31 Dec. 2020. Three design factors are
considered: the PV number, the WT number, and the number of days of battery autonomy (AD).
We compared our results to the reported approaches of an elephant herding optimizer (EHO), a
grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA), a Harris hawks optimizer (HHO), a seagull optimization
algorithm (SOA), and a spotted hyena optimizer (SHO). Moreover, the loss of power supply
probability (LPSP) is calculated to assess the constructed system’s reliability. The proposed COA
succeeded in achieving the best fitness values of 0.03883 USD/kWh, 0.03863 USD/kWh, and 0.04585
USD/kWh for PV/WT/battery, PV/battery, and WT/battery systems, respectively. The obtained results
confirmed the superiority of the proposed approach in providing the best configuration of an
HRES compared to the others
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