The objectives of this article are to present a mathematical model that uses Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory to describe the free vibratory motion of rotating nanoscale beams. The Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory, and generalized thermoelasticity with phase-lags are used to derive the system of equations for rotating thermoelastic nanobeams. The studied nanobeam is subjected to ramptype heating and to a significantly exponentially decaying load. The analytical solution was derived using the Laplace transform method, and the transformation of the converted fields was performed by applying the residue calculus. The numerical results of the physical fields under investigation are collected and displayed graphically. The impacts of nonlocal parameters, different types of loads, and ramping-time parameters in addition to rotation were studied and analyzed.