The individual effect of nano hydrozincite and witherite (nHZ and nW, respectively) with different contents (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% by weight of slag) on the performance of alkali-activated slag (AAS) at early (from 1 to 7-days) and later ages (from 28 to 365-days) of curing was evaluated. The results proved that incorporating nHZ caused a retardation impact on the early hydration rate of AAS; whereas nW demonstrated an acceleration effect. These opposite effects were ascribed to the formation of zinc and barium hydroxides through the alkali-dissolution of nHZ and nW at 1-day of curing. A remarkable change in Ca/Si ratio within calcium silicate hydrate has been identified at both AAS-nHZ and AAS-nW mixtures. The proposed approach succeeded in the production of the hardened materials with high mechanical performance (55–64 MPa) using low nanominerals (0.5 wt%) and NaOH (3 wt%) contents.