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Frointers in veterinary science
Frointers Media S.A.
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Abstract: |
Tick infestation remains one of the major health problems that affect the productivity
and comfort of camels. The control of ticks mainly relies on using chemical acaracides.
Limited information is available on the potential benefits and activity of various neem
extracts on Hyalomma ticks. The present study investigated the acaricidal activity of
neem seed extracts at different concentrations against developmental stages of the
camel tick Hyalomma dromedarii in comparison to Butox and diazinon. The acaricidal
activity of three extracts, namely, hexane extract (HE), methyl chloride extract (MCE),
and methanol extract (ME), of neem seeds (Azadirachta indica) were tested at varying
concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20% on engorged H. dromedarii female ticks at days 1,
3, 5, 7, 12, 16, 20, 28, 37, and 43 after treatment (DPT). Interestingly, results of applying
different neem seed extracts to engorged H. dromedarii female ticks showed that the
most effective extract was hexane at concentration 20%, causing 100% mortality at
1st day post-application, while methanol extract at 20% and dichloromethane extract at
20% caused the death of all ticks at 28th day posttreatment as compared to Butox® 5.0
and Diazinon-60, which resulted in mortality of all ticks at 3 and 5 DPT, respectively.
In addition, no mortality was reported with the application of aqueous extract (AE),
which served as the control group. Furthermore, the neem hexane extract exhibited
high efficacy against reproductive performance of female ticks, whereas no fertility
or oviposition was reported at all of their concentrations. Additionally, no hatchability
occurred using all neemextracts, except the aqueous extract, which showing no effect. In
the present study, larvae responded more rapidly to the plant extracts, whereas mortality
of all larvae was recorded at 24 h after treatment with 5% hexane. Taken together, this
study pointed out that the acaricidal effect of hexane extract of neem seeds was more
effective and could be economically used for controlling H. dromedarii ticks.
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