This research adresses texts' rhetorical situations in Abu Hilal al-Askari's book "Diwan Al-Ma'ani" in guidance of contemporary rhetorical studies. It has become apparent that Abu Hilal was aware of the relationship between literary texts and their rhetorical situations. This is proven by his acknowledgement of the difference between the rhetorical situation of creating literary texts and that of perceiving them, and also by his attention to text's origin and the psychological motives which led to its wording manner and rhetorical choices. This has revealed that the concept of mutatis mutandis ,which rhetoric books state, is not limited to the situation of the listener only, but also includes the speaker. These rhetorical visions exist in the book "Diwan Al-Ma'ani", which is consistent with contemporary rhetorical studies in terms of the attention directed towards the rhetorical situation of creating texts and that of perceiving them. Keywords: Arabic rhetoric - Abu Hilal al-Askari - Contemporary rhetoric - Rhetorical situation