Introduction: Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder that influences the patient's quality of life and results in significant economic and social burdens . It is characterized by variety of symptoms such as positive symptoms (e.g., delusion and hallucination), negative symptoms (e.g., poor motivation and impaired social communication), and limitation in cognitive abilities . These symptoms may develop either suddenly or gradually and vary from one patient to another. Schizophrenia develops in cycles of relapses. Social support is the experience or perception that an individual is cared for and loved by others, valued and esteemed. Social support is an important factor for patients with schizophrenia. When patients with schizophrenia experience deficiency in social support, they are unable to make friends, obtain employment, and hold long-term effective social roles in the community. Childhood maltreatment (CM) is an international problem that has immediate and long-term harmful influence on psychological and physical health .Childhood maltreatment affects the development of normal emotional perception processes, especially diminished ability to properly recognize both basic and complex emotions of other people The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between social support and childhood maltreatment among patients with schizophrenia. Research design: A correlational descriptive study design was utilized in this study. Setting: This study was carried out at El-Azazi Hospital for Mental Health in Abo-Hamad City, Sharqia Governorate. Subjects: A purposive sample of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (102) from both genders Tools of data collection: Four tools were utilized in this study: 1-Socio-demographicdatasheet: It includes both personal information as; age, gender, educational level and marital status, father and mother state, and clinical information as; age at onset of disease, duration of disease. 2- Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): This scale was developed to assess symptoms of psychosis. It consists of 30 items divided into three sub-scales 3-Childhood Traumatic Questionnaire (CTQ): Developed to assess the retrospective experience of childhood trauma (neglect and abuse). It is composed of 25 items divided into five subscales 4-The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS): This scale was developed to assess perceived social support from three specific sources. It consists of 12-item divided into three subscales. Results: More than half 63.7% of studied participants were male. Educational level was intermediate among 35.3% of the studied patients and 68.6% of them were unmarried. Participants' fathers were died among 56.9% of them, however mothers were living among 61.8% of them. The study revealed that the highest percent score of childhood maltreatment among studied patients was emotional neglect (60.7% ) ,while the lowest percent was sexual abuse(11.8%) . there also 84.4% of patients had moderate to severe level of positive symptoms. A majority of patients (87.3%) were low in perceiving friend social support. We also shows that, 78% of female patients were maltreated during their childhood, the highest percent of patients among all educational levels were maltreated during childhood.Moreover,73% of patients who have no family history of schizophrenia were maltreated during childhood. 74% of male patients experienced low level of social support. Also, 74% of unmarried patients experienced low level of social support. Also there were statistically significant negative correlations between total social support and total Childhood Traumatic Questionnaire. There was statistically significantly negative correlation was found between social support and physical abuse, also statistically significant negative correlation was found between social support and physical neglect Conclusion: Based on the findings of the current study, it is concluded that, emotional neglect was the highest and sexual abuse was the least types of childhood maltreatment. Patients with schizophrenia perceived more social support from significant others, followed by family, and friends. There were statistically significant negative correlations between perceived social support and general psychological scale and CTQ. However, there were statistically significant positive correlations between Childhood Traumatic Questionnaire, and positive scale and general psychological scale. Recommendations: The nurse should design strategies to strengthen the linkages between the patient's professional and personal social networks. There is a great need to establish programs for families of patients with schizophrenia to increase their understanding of the nature of illness and their support of their patients. - Trauma-focused psychological interventions for patients with schizophrenia should be developed and routinely offered to patients. - A training program for nurses about the importance of social support for mentally ill patients and their families during difficult times is recommended.