The current study aimed to identify the risk factors that cause the abuse of psychoactive substances for the first time in the study sample of those who depend on psychoactive substances, with the identification of the most common psychoactive substances among the study sample of those who depend on psychoactive substances, and to identify the money causes of substance abuse after the occurrence of Disorder of dependence on psychoactive substances, and the detection of differences between males and females in estimating the causes of substance abuse. The current study used the descriptive (correlative) approach, and the study sample consisted of substance abusers from inmates of addiction treatment centers in Cairo and Dr. Gamal Madi Hospital Abu Al-Azayim for Mental Health, with 34 individuals (11 females and 23 males), ranging in age from 18-41 years, with an average age of 28.5 with a standard deviation of 6.07389. And the questionnaire about the causes of drug and alcohol abuse as perceived by the abuser (2) is one of the self-report measures that seek to reveal the physical, psychological, social and psychiatric causes of drug abuse. The drug that the abuser realizes with the aim of determining the predominance of causes and developing appropriate treatment plans or developing primary prevention strategies and programs to prevent abuse for the first time. The results of the study showed the following:  The importance of the concept of experimentation and curiosity for the abuse of psychoactive substances, as well as the availability of psychoactive substances, the acceptance of their use culturally, and the pressures of those around and peers to try and use them.  Clarifying the most important risk factors that cause abuse for the first time, including indirect exposure to psychoactive substances stimulated by risky and impulsive behaviors, the availability of the substance with peers and those around the individual, as well as exposure to health crises, accidents and surgeries contributes greatly to the abuse of painkillers and opiates and psychological and physical dependence on them without taking medical steps To treat withdrawal symptoms.  Describe medicines that contain after the chemical substances that cause organic psychological dependence by the doctor and which the person gets used to after recovering from the organic disease, as well as the description by the pharmacist.  The prevalence of some psychoactive substances, such as hashish, reveals the addictive nature of psychoactive substance abusers.  There are several reasons for the abuse of psychoactive substances, including cognitive reasons such as searching for focus, searching for problem solving and meditation, emotional reasons such as reducing feelings of sadness and depression, reducing anxiety, fears and behavior such as controlling impulsivity and aggression, physical reasons such as feeling weak, weak and body pain, social reasons such as problems of interpersonal relationships, and psychological reasons such as suffering from One of the different mental disorders.