Efficiency of Physical Treatments and Essential Oils in Controlling Fungi Associated with Some Stored Date Palm Fruits

Faculty Agriculture Year: 2011
Type of Publication: ZU Hosted Pages:
Authors:
Journal: Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences Volume:
Keywords : Efficiency , Physical Treatments , Essential Oils , Controlling    
Abstract:
Dates palm (Phoenix dactylifera L). always play an important role in the economic, nutrition and social lives in the Arab countries. Date fruits are one of the most storage products. Fungi are a source of fruits rot, produce mycotoxins and reduce the economic values of date fruits. Different fungi, belongs to various fungal species were isolated from the collected date fruit samples at zero time, one and two months later using dilution plate method on PDA medium at 28± 2 ºC with 12h light/dark rhythm. The most identified fungi were Aspergillus spp. (A. niger, A. flavus, A. ficuum, A. japonicus, A. phoenicis, A. terreus and A. caesilleus), Cladosporium sp. (C. cladosporioides), Penicillium spp. (P. chrysogenum, P. brevi-compactum, P. digitatum, P. duclauxi, P. frequantans, P. spinulesum, P. purpurogenum, P. uriticae and Penicillium sp.), Fusarium spp. (F. oxysporium and F. moniliforme), Mucor spp. (M. hiemalis & M. racemosus) and Chalaropsis sp. (C. state). A. niger was the most detected fungus, while, C. cladosporioides was the lowest detected one. Samples stored at room temperature contained higher levels of contaminated fungi than those stored under cooling conditions (1.19 x104 and 0.58 x104 colonies/g dates, respectively). Deglet variety contained higher load of the isolated fungi and Asabei El-Arose was the lower one (1.07 x104 and 0.67 x104 colonies/g dates, respectively). Levels of isolated fungi differed among the different regions tested. Hot air and pasteurization (hot water) treatments of Deglate and Elak varieties reduced the number of contaminated fungi (1.17, 1.17, 3.00, and 1.17 x104 colonies/g dates, respectively), compared to untreated control (12.5 and 7.84 x104 colonies/g dates). Washing date fruits with sterile water decreased numbers of fungal load (6.00 and 2.33 x104 colonies/g dates). Carnation oil was the most effective one on inhibition growth (18.37 %) of tested fungal followed by ginger oil (57.14%), while olive oil was the lowest one (74.46%). Penicillium spp. was the most sensitive one (23.37%), followed by C. state (53.75%), while, A.flavus was the lowest one (65.17%). Carnation oil treatment reduced fungal load on date whereas the lowest number was detected on both var. tested followed by ginger oil (0.04x104, and 0.29x104 colonies/g dates respectively), compared to sodium benzwate (0.13x104 colonies/g dates) water treatment and untreated control (0.34 and 4.67 00x104 colonies/gm dates).
   
     
 
       

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