Heat stress is a serious threat to crop production due to increased ambient temperature in many regions of the world. Most crop plants are sensitive to heat stress that led to progressive decreasing in yields at temperatures above the optimum level. Projected increases in temperature will negatively affect yield production and threaten the food security. Key adaptive mechanisms in crops that grown under the effect of heat stress including; rapid growth and early maturity, vitality of the leaves, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductivity and the transpiration rate, relative water content, antioxidants, heat shock proteins and cell membrane thermostability. These plant traits may contribute to enhance stress tolerance of plants. Identification of heat resistance genes and the development of new cultivars, whether in breeding methods or genetic engineering, is an effective means of reducing the harmful effects of heat stress. So, follow agricultural procedures such as cultivate the tolerant cultivars and adjusted crop irrigation dates with meteorological data and proper fertigation programs are other options in reducing the effects of heat stress waves.