Paraphenylenediamine Hepatotoxic Effects in Adult Female Albino Rats

Faculty Medicine Year: 2021
Type of Publication: ZU Hosted Pages: 21-41
Authors:
Journal: Zagazig J. Forensic Med.& Toxicology Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department Volume: 1
Keywords : Paraphenylenediamine Hepatotoxic Effects , Adult Female Albino    
Abstract:
Background: Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is a chemical product used in almost hair dye preparations and in combination with henna in temporary tattoos to fasten the dyeing process and intensify its results. PPD can cause local and/or systemic toxic effects when applied topically, inhaled or ingested. Aim of the work: This study was implemented to evaluate the toxic effects of PPD on liver of adult female albino rats. Methodology: Thirty-two adult female albino rats were divided into 3 groups. Group I (control group) 16 rats: equally subdivided into 2 subgroups: Subgroup IA (negative control) 8 rats: received regular diet and water, Subgroup IB (vehicle control) 8 rats: received 1 ml distilled water (vehicle of PPD) once daily by oral gavage, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Group II (PPD treated group) 8 rats: Each rat treated with 10 mg/kg B.W of PPD in 1 ml distilled water once daily by oral gavage, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Group III (Follow up group) 8 rats: Each rat treated with 10 mg/kg B.W of PPD in 1 ml distilled water once daily by oral gavage, 5 days/week for 8 weeks, followed by two weeks without treatment (wash out period). After 8 weeks in group I & group II and after 2 weeks of follow up in group III, rats were subjected to blood sample collection to estimate serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), serum alanine transaminase (ALT) & serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The livers were then dissected out and divided into three parts. The first part was used for estimating oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Second part was subjected for histopathological examination under light microscope. The third part was examined by comet assay to assess the degree of DNA damage. Results: The results revealed that PPD induced a substantial increase in (AST, ALT & ALP), hepatic MDA and a significant decrease in hepatic GSH. It also induced several histopathological alterations and significant DNA damage in liver cells. As well, cessation of PPD treatment for 2 weeks ameliorates its damaging effects. Conclusion: PPD induced hepatotoxic, oxidative stress and genotoxic effects. Cessation of treatment for 2 weeks revealed partial improvement.
   
     
 
       

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