This chapter provides a brief overview of the book, the purpose and the scope of the book. It discusses four categories of coherent topics. The first how to improve crop tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought, heat stress, salinity and environmental pollution tolerance in crop plants. The second is about recent approaches for biotic stress tolerance. It contains varietal differences and their relation to brown rot disease resistance and effect of soil type and crop rotation on the disease in potato, advanced methods in controlling late blight in potato and importance of faba bean diseases, developing rust resistance in wheat beside the importance of faba bean diseases in Egypt. While the third is devoted to present advanced procedures in improving crop productivity include the role of He–Ne LASER, seed technology, identification of salt tolerance in peanut using molecular tools and importance of mycorrhizae in improving crop productivity. The last theme of the book is about sustainability of environmental resources from a crop production perspective and include sustainable use and optimizing inputs management for natural resources by crop rotations and bio-fertilizers in the agro-climatic zones of Egypt. The chapters under this theme concentrate on different field crops, maize productivity in the New Millennium as well as highlights on Quinoa and Cassava as promising crops to increase food security in Egypt.