Wheat is considered as the most strategic crop overall the world and Egypt. Under Egyptian conditions there is a gap between wheat production and consumption. Wheat grows in approximately 1.26 million hectare giving total production about 8.86 million tonnes, while the actual consumption reaches up to about 16 million tons. With the trend of cultivating the new lands, which are suffering from water stress. Therefore, the current chapter came to provide information about fundamentals of wheat crop to tolerate water stress, plant characteristics, genetic behavior, genetic diversity and source of tolerance to water stress. This chapter also addresses to breeding efforts and biotechnology to improve drought tolerance. The attention will also be paid into some agricultural procedures that improve water stress tolerance in relation to wheat productivity