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Animals
https://www.mdpi.com/journal/animals
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Abstract: Mastitis remains a serious problem for dairy animals. The misappropriation of antimicrobial
agents helps accelerate resistance, which poses a serious challenge in controlling environmental
S. uberis infection. Here, we study the virulence attributes, antimicrobial and biocide resistance,
and epidemiological typing of S. uberis recovered from bovine clinical mastitis in dairy farms of
diverse hygienic interventions in Egypt. The overall S. uberis infection rate was 20.59%; all were
multidrug-resistant (MDR). The sua gene was the most frequent virulence gene (42.02%), followed
by pauA (40.57%), cfu (21.73%), skc (20.28%), and opp (11.59%). The erm(B) gene served as the predominant
antimicrobial-resistant gene (75.36%), followed by fexA (52.63%) and tet(M), blaZ, and
aac(60)aph(200) genes (46.38% each). Of note, 79.71%, 78.26%, and 18.84% of S. uberis isolates harbored
qacED1, qacC/D, and qacA/B genes, respectively. All analyzed isolates were S. uberis type I by their
unique RFLP–PCR pattern. In conclusion, the sustained presence of pauA and sua genes throughout
the investigated farms contributes to a better understanding of the bacterium’s pathogenicity. Furthermore,
MDR coupled with the existence of biocide resistance genes indicates the importance of
S. uberis surveillance and the prudent use of antimicrobials in veterinary clinical medicine to avoid
the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance.
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