Natural and Anthropogenic Coastal Environmental Hazards: An Integrated Remote Sensing, GIS, and Geophysical-based Approach

Faculty Science Year: 2021
Type of Publication: ZU Hosted Pages: 1109–1141
Authors:
Journal: Surveys in Geophysics Springer Volume: 42
Keywords : Natural , Anthropogenic Coastal Environmental Hazards: , Integrated    
Abstract:
Monitoring sources of environmental risks from rising groundwater levels and associated soil degradation is a substantial challenge in coastal regions of the world. The integration of remote sensing and subsurface data, followed by field geophysical surveys, provided an innovative approach for identifying sites susceptible to environmental risks from natural coastal interventions and anthropogenic activities. In this work, various remote sensing (Landsat-5–7-8 and ALOS/PALSAR-DEM), and subsurface (110 boreholes describing soil type, groundwater chemistry, and geotechnical clay plasticity) datasets were integrated in a geographic information system (GIS) environment to generate a site hazard susceptibility map (SHSM) for Suez city, Egypt, as an example of urban geohazard in coastal environments. Accordingly, the obtained very high susceptibility zone (2.95% of the area), located in the south-eastern regions, showed permanent wetlands since 1986, shallow groundwater level, and marine soil facies with thick clay layers. These conditions enhanced the risk of water salinity and swelling potentiality even without anthropogenic intervention. The constructed SHSM model was validated against the spatial distribution of affected infrastructures mapped by field observations and was found to provide accurate results. Additionally, the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles, collected over the vulnerable sites, revealed the presence of a buried paleo-sand channel extending from the Gulf of Suez and acting as a conduit for seawater inundation during winter seasons. These results highlight the significance of the proposed approach as a practical and cost-effective tool for coastal vulnerability mapping in order to better understand the complexity of multi-dimensions criteria for geohazard modelling. This holistic approach is an important phase to guide priorities of urban planning and would improve the analysis of coastal vulnerability and could be employed in other coastal cities worldwide.
   
     
 
       

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