The objective of the current research was to identify the nature of the relationship between the School refusal behavior (positive reinforcement - negative reinforcement) and the family environment in primary and preparatory students. The sample consisted of (275) primary and preparatory students from Sharkia governorate. The scales of the School refusal behavior and the family environment was applied after calculating of the reliability and validity of these scales. The statistical measures used were: the correlation coefficient, the T test, the multiple regression analysis, The most important results indicate that there is a relationship between the School refusal behavior (positive reinforcement - negative reinforcement) and some dimensions of the family environment, As well as the absence of differences due to the gender variable and the school stage of School refusal behavior (positive reinforcement - negative reinforcement) as well as the family environment in different dimensions, The study also revealed the possibility of predicting the behavior of the School refusal behavior (positive reinforcement ) by (the intellectual cultural orientation and the active recreational orientation) as dimensions of the family environment, It is also possible to predict the School refusal behavior (negative reinforcement) by (conflict and moral religious orientation) as dimensions of the family environment.