Background: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is the key regulator of immune responses preventing the undesirable exaggerated ones. Genetic variation in the promoter region of IL-10 might influence its serum level and contribute to susceptibility to bronchial asthma in children. Objective: we aimed to investigate the effect of Interleukin 10 -1082 G/A gene polymorphism on bronchial asthma in children. Methods: A case-control study including 100 patients and 100 healthy control children who undergone skin prick test, estimation of total IgE and serum level IL-10 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) for IL-10 gene polymorphism. Results: A significant association between IL-10 polymorphism and susceptibility to pediatric asthma was found with AA genotype (66%) in the patient group compared to (6%) only in the control group while AG genotype was detected in 20 % of patients and 4% of control. On the other hand, wild genotype GG was found in 14% of patients and 90 % of control with a highly statistically significant difference among both groups (P<0.001). The serum level of IL-10 was significantly elevated in the GG genotype in comparison to other genotypes (P<0.001) . Conclusions: IL-10 polymorphism may play an important role in the development of bronchial asthma in children.