Beneficial use of industrial by product materials has the potential to provide economic benefits such as preserve raw resources, and avoid negative environmental impacts associated with the acquisition and processing of raw materials. Cement kiln dust (CKD) and Fly Ash (FA) are by-products formed during the manufacture of cement and coal-fired electricity generation respectively. The present work presents a general review on the applications of the CKD and FA in the field of agriculture, waste treatment, soil stabilization, concrete and cement industry. These beneficial uses of CKD and FA can contribute significant environmental and economic benefits. Environmental benefits can include reduced greenhouse gas emissions, reduced need for disposing in landfills, and reduced use of virgin resources. Economic benefits can include job creation in the beneficial use industry, reduced costs associated with CKD and FA disposal, increased revenue from the sale of CKD and FA, and savings from replacement of other more costly materials.