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Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer
Springer
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| Abstract: |
Background: Cancer stem cells proved to have a vital role in cell migration, invasion, metastasis, and treatment resistance ofcolorectal cancer (CRC) that subsequently lead to poor clinical outcomes. These stem cells may be a novel therapeutic target for the management of CRC progression. Signals of the Notch-1 pathway are responsible for acquisition of stem cell characters. ALDH1 and CD44 are usually detected in stem cells in colorectal cancer.
Purpose: The aims of this work were to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of cancer stem cell markers ALDH1, Notch1,and CD44 in colorectal cancer and investigate their correlation with clinicopathological characters and patient survival.Methods: Paraffin-embedded specimens of 70 patients with primary colorectal carcinoma were analyzed for Notch 1, ALDH1,and CD44 expressions by immunohistochemistry.Results: Notch1 was mainly located in the cytoplasm of CRC tissues, rarely expressed in adjacent normal tissues. A highlystatistically significant relationship was found between grading, lymphovascular invasion, the degree of lymphocytic infiltration,peritumoral budding, lymph node ratio, lymph node metastasis, and Notch1 expression (p < 0.001). There was a highly statisticallysignificant relationship found between AJCC stage and Notch1 expression (p < 0.001). CD44 was mainly located in thecell membrane of CRC tissues. A highly statistically significant relationship was found between grading (p = 0.006),lymphovascular invasion, the degree of lymphocytic infiltration, peritumoral budding, lymph node metastasis, lymph node ratio,and CD44 expression (p < 0.001). There was a highly statistically significant relationship found between AJCC stage and CD44expression (p < 0.001). ALDH1 was detected in the cytoplasm of the CRC tissue. A highly statistically significant relationshipwas found between grading, lymphovascular invasion, the degree of lymphocytic infiltration, peritumoral budding, lymph nodemetastasis, lymph node ratio, and ALDH1 expression (p < 0.001). There was a highly statistically significant relationship foundbetween AJCC stage and ALDH1 expression (p < 0.001). There is a highly statistically significant direct correlation betweenNotch1, CD44 expression, and ALDH1 expression (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Expression of stem cell markers ALDH1, Notch1, and CD44 correlates with poor prognosis in a CRC and representsan independent prognostic factor. They are associated with a feature of epithelial-mesenchymal transition evidenced by theirassociation with high tumor burden
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