Purpose – Examine the social exchange factors affect the negotiation exchange process in pharmaceutical firms in El-Asher Mn-Ramadan City. Methodology ــUsing survey approach and questionnaire as an instrument to collect data from 61 employees and 224 employers as respondents selected from various pharmaceutical firms in El-Asher Mn-Ramadan City. Findings – This study found that Social exchange factors ( focus, stability, and time frame) play a critical role in research society to attain success negotiation exchange process (problem identification, search for alternatives, and outcome selection). Originality– This study reports one of the empirical assessments of these relationships (i.e., social exchange factors and negotiation exchange process). Specifically, a longitudinal design was used to examine the effect of social exchange factors on negotiation exchange forces in a sample of employees and employers. Keywords Social Exchange Theory SET, Negotiation Exchange Theory NET, Focus, Stability, Time frame, Problem Identification, Search for Alternatives, Outcome Selection