The study aimed to: Identify the quality of life of retired elderly people and its dimensions (emotional happiness, financial status, health status, personal growth, self-determination, social relations, social integration, and human and legal rights) each separately. Testing the significance of differences regarding the quality of life of retired elderly and its dimensions (emotional happiness, financial condition, health status, personal growth, self-determination, social relations, social integration, human and legal rights) each separately according to the gender variable. Determine the factors related to the degree of quality of life of retired elderly people and their dimensions separately, and the degree of the contribution of each of the factors affecting significantly. The study was conducted based on the methodology of the social survey in Sharkia governorate, where three centers were chosen using the simple random sampling method, and the choice was: Faqous Center, Abu Hammad Center, and Minya Al Qamh Center to represent the north, middle and south of the governorate, respectively. A village was selected from each center using a simple random sampling method, and the choice was the village of Al-Birum (Faqous Center), Al-Abassa village (Abu Hammad Center), and Al-Sadiyin village (Minya Al-Qamh Center). The sample size was 177 respondents. Data were collected by a questionnaire in a personal interview from the beginning of October until the end of December 2019, and the data were analyzed and presented using frequencies and percentages, the arithmetic mean, the stability coefficient of Alpha Cronbach, “T” test for two independent samples The simple correlation coefficient of Pearson, and Step Wise Multiple Regression. The study reached several results: The quality of life for less than half the respondents (48%) was low. There were significant differences at a significant level of 0.01 with regard to the quality of life according to the gender variable, in favor of the male group with the highest arithmetic mean, which amounted to (113.29). There were two independent variables that together contributed significantly to explaining the total variance in the degree of total quality of life, where the ratio was about 56.9%, and the relative contribution rate for each variable can be determined as follows: The monthly pension is 54.6%, and the number of years of education is 2.3%