Soil physico-chemical bioindicators and ultrastructural changes induced by heavy metals accumulation in the midgut of Calosoma chlorosticum (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Faculty Agriculture Year: 2020
Type of Publication: ZU Hosted Pages:
Authors:
Journal: Sustainability MDPI, Basel, Switzerland Volume:
Keywords : Soil physico-chemical bioindicators , ultrastructural changes induced    
Abstract:
Bio-monitor of soil pollution with heavy metals can be identified by the Ground beetles Calosoma chlorosticum as an indicator of soil quality and its yield sustainability. The experiment was performed from two sites at Zagazig City (Latitude: 30.614421, Longitude: 31.435637), Egypt. The physicochemical parameters indicated that moisture and organic matter were the highest differences in the polluted agricultural soil compared to the reference soil, while there were no significant differences in chloride content. The atomic absorption analysis revealed that there are significant differences in all heavy metal concentrations in the polluted agricultural soil and the insect's midgut compared to the reference soil and the midgut, where the highest concentration recorded for Arsenic "As" and the lowest for Selenium "Se". Meanwhile, the highest significant differences illustrated in Aluminum "Al" and the least differences exhibited in Cadmium "Cd". Furthermore, the correlation between heavy metal concentrations in the soil and midgut of insect pronounced higher correlation displayed for As, while the lower noticed for "Al". TEM was a powerful hazard appreciation tool for soil pollution with heavy metals that showed a considerable disturbance in the C. chlorosticum midgut epithelial layer collected from the agricultural area than insects collected from the reference area. Evident ultrastructural alterations investigated a rupture and distortion of microvilli, destruction of the columnar and regenerative cells, large separation between epithelial cells and stretching of the cellular axis consequently the lumen becomes very narrow. Moreover, a lot of vacuoles with little enzyme secretions were observed. Additionally, a pyknotic nucleus with abnormal chromatin, cytoplasmic vacuolization, disruptions and vacuolation of mitochondria was depicted. The appearance of electron-dense vesicles, a lot of lysosomes, large myelin figures and dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum regarded as pollution with heavy metals. Potency counteractive health influence in such applications could be avoided if the soil adequately treated
   
     
 
       

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