Rodents represent more than 40% of the all living mammalian species (order Rodentia). In the same time, the taxonomy and systematics of this animal group is extremely complex and poorly understood. The amount of new information on karyotypic and phylogenetic relations within and among rodent taxa is rapidly increased, but fusion of these data is currently lacking. The current study suggests the ability of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR to estimate the genetic distance and reflect the genetic relations and variability among eight species of order Rodentia in Egypt. 5 arbitrary short primers (OPA-4, OPT-7, OPG-2, OPN-4 and OPM-1) were used to generate polymorphic, reproducible and score able bands. According to the results of the present investigation, dendrogram between the 8- studied rodents species based on Euclidean genetic distance explained that, there were five separate clusters; Black mouse (M. m. praetextus) and albino mouse (M. m. musculus) clustered together in the first one, Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) clustered separately in second cluster, Spiny mouse (Acomys cahirinus) and house mouse (M. m.domesticus) clustered together in third cluster, Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) and albino rat (Rattus norvegicus) clustered together in fourth cluster, Black rat (Rattus. rattus rattus) clustered separately in fifth cluster.