In recent years, the popularity of neural computing (NC), machine learning (ML), and artificial intelligence (AI) has grown substantially. A lot of research was carried out in both academia and industry, and it was applied in many fields. For example, deep learning achieved superhuman performance in image classification. NC/ML/AI technologies were used very successfully to play games such as Chess, Go, Atari, and Jeopardy. In addition, many companies used AI and ML technology in areas such as health care, natural resource management, and advertisement.