The aim of the present study was to prepare and characterize nanocomposite films to improve the treatment of skin wounds by applying the film as a bandage. To modify chitosan (Cs) and to prepare nanocomposites, a mixture between titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) was performed at different concentrations (2, 5, 10 and 15 wt%) and oleic acid (OA). The thin nanocomposite films were prepared by using casting method. The prepared films (Cs, Cs/TiO2NPs, Cs/OA and Cs/OA/TiO2NPs) were described by water absorption (swelling study) and biological degradation. Physico‐chemical characterizations of Cs, Cs/OA, Cs/TiO2NPs and Cs/OA/TiO2NPs (with only 15 wt% TiO2NPs) films were determined by X‐ray diffraction, transmission high‐resolution electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as well as their mechanical properties. Antimicrobial activity against microorganisms has been studied to assess activity against bacteria. The prepared nanocomposite films showed good antimicrobial activity for both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. The therapeutic effects of Cs‐TiO2NPs‐oleic acid nanocomposites on healing excision wounds were studied in rat animal model. The data obtained revealed that groups treated with nanocomposites showed enhancement wound closure and speed up wound healing time.