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97
Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
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Abstract: |
Algeria, with its natural resource factors, is a significant country in Africa
and the world and is seeking a strong development in the demographic and economic
scale. Algeria, with an area of 2.4 million km2, is North Africa’s biggest nation.
Sahara occupies most of this surface, unfit for farming, but rich in mineral resources.
Over 90% of the population lives in the north, including a coastal land along the
Mediterranean Sea, plains, hills, and highlands. In the north, the annual quantity
of rain ranges from 300 to 1,000 mm. The annual amount of rain in the Sahara
and the Saharan Atlas in the south is less than 100 mm. Algeria has 17 main
hydrographic basins and shares with Tunisia the basin of Medjerda and with
Morocco the basins of Tafna, Draa, Guir, and Daoura. Agriculture continues to
play a dominant role in the economy of the country. Twenty years ago, agriculture
accounted for more than 75% of the active population in the south. This has
now dropped to about 20%. It is another tale in the country’s south. The population
was only 0.9 million in 1967, but by 1987 it increased to nearly two million, and by
2010, it is over three million, and in 2019, it is around 43 million. About 40% of the
inhabitants now rely for their livelihood on agriculture. The Algerian authority was
facing serious problems in managing its soil and water resources. This chapter offers
an overview of the present issues in pesticides that harm animal and human health
and cause natural resource scarcity and environmental pollution by accumulating
in soil and leaching into water bodies. Naturally, the current situation in Algeria is
exacerbated by two important constraints:
1. Groundwater and surface water pollution, which domestic, industrial, and
agricultural waste far exceeds the ability of sewage systems, significantly
reducing the quantity of treated water that can be used.
2. Risk of sustainable development in relation to soil and water pollution, which
severe issues arose in groundwater evaluated samples that exceed natural
resource renewal boundaries and need to tap into nonrenewable reserves.
This chapter also highlights the urgent need to develop new branches of
chemistry that are less dangerous to human health and the environment. Therefore,
we must pursue the goals of green chemistry. Green chemistry became responsible
for finding suitable solutions to all old manufacturing problems by finding
alternative solutions to all previous negatives.
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