Recently, Algeria has encountered various concerns in the sector of “water resource management” because of the rapid growth in the domestic, agricultural, and industrial activities. This chapter offers a summary of the essential surface water (e.g., rivers, lakes, and reservoirs) and groundwater resources in Algeria. The information is covered regarding the recently published articles, chapters, books, and conference proceedings. Moreover, the chapter lists the peer-reviewed journals, academic and institutional affiliations, and research funding agencies presented in the Scopus library, covering the water features in Algeria. Feasible and practical strategies needed for sustainable management of the water shortage concerns in Algeria are suggested. The chapter illustrates that the government, private and public sectors, and policymakers have handled several approaches concerning the country’s national water policy, water resources development and planning, and water purification and reclamation. The findings of this chapter would support organizations, stakeholders, government leaders, industrialists, and environmentalists, dealing with all water subjects in Algeria.