Currently, the contamination of water with different insecticides like profenofos (PFF) is a critical concern in the aquatic ecosystem. There were limited studies available on the negative impacts of PFF on common carp, Cyprinus carpio (L.) fish. Hence, the existing study was designed to investigate the effect of PFF exposure (1/10 of the 96 h-LC50) on the neurobehavior, growth performance, chemical composition, DNA damage, apoptotic status and histopathological architectures of brain of fish. Also, the efficacy of geranium essential oil (GEO) dietary supplementation is used to mitigate the PFF negative impacts. Accordingly, a total of 120 apparently healthy fish were divided into four groups; the control fed basal diet only, basal diet supplemented with 400 mg kg-1 GEO, basal diet and PFF in water, or supplemented diet with GEO+PFF in water for 60 days. The results showed that PFF significantly reduced growth, crude protein, and lipid contents. It also led to several behavioral alterations including spiral movement and decreased activeness. Moreover, considerably depleted antioxidant indicators including superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were recorded. Also, PFF increased the tail length, tail moment and 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine. Furthermore, PFF induced decreased level of BCl2 protein and increased caspase 3 concentration by immunohistochemical reaction together with obvious pathological perturbations in brain and gills tissues. The GEO supplementation greatly improved most indices. These results may conclude that PFF exerts negative effects on brain tissue mainly through AChE enzyme inhibition and induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis. In addition, dietary supplements with GEO could be advantageous for mitigating PFF negative impacts, thereby presenting a promising feed additive for common carp in aquaculture.