bjective The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibody response to the hepatitis B vaccine during the first year of life. We also tried to evaluate the association between the antibody response to the hepatitis B vaccine and the polymorphism in HLA-G 14bp. Material and methods In this comparative cross-sectional study, the HBsAg (anti-HBS) of 93 children who received the hepatitis B vaccine at 2, 4 and 6 months of age was evaluated, according to the programs of the World Health Organization. they were evaluated for their antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) after vaccination. Their genomic DNA was extracted. the polymorphism in HLA-G 14bp being examined by means of the PCR test. RESULTS: Among the 93 vaccinated children, 11 children (11.8%) did not respond to the hepatitis B vaccine (anti-HBs <10IU / mL). The mean antibody titers for responders and non-responders were 77.65 ± 27.14 and 4.45 ± 2.38 IU / mL, respectively. The 14bp insertion allele was associated with an increased risk of failure to respond to the hepatitis B vaccine (OR: 3.72; 95% CI: 1.32-10.6). Conclusion: This study reported, for the first time, that the ins / ins genotype may constitute a risk factor for non-response to the hepatitis B vaccine.